Myelinal oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is the outermost membrane protein on the surface of myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes, and is a key component leading to demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Antibodies targeting MOG can cause demyelination in vivo and in vitro.

The number of MOGs is relatively small, accounting for about 0.01% to 0.05% of the total myelin protein content. They have high immunogenicity and directly participate in the humoral immune response of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the main immune target causing demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

MOG peptide (35-55) contains 21 amino acids and is the only central nervous system myelin protein component that can cause both demyelinating antibody and T cell responses. MOG 35-55 can induce abnormal activation of MOG35-55/I-Ab specific autoreactive CD4+T cells and induce EAE in C57BL/6 mice.

Regarding EAE:

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental animal model for studying human inflammatory demyelinating disease and multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is a comprehensive condition caused by the interaction of a series of immunopathological and neuropathological mechanisms, leading to the appearance of key disease features similar to MS in the body: inflammatory response, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis. The anti regulatory mechanism of reducing inflammation and myelin regeneration also occur in the EAE model, so this model can also be used to study these processes.

In addition, EAE is commonly used as a model for cell-mediated organ specific autoimmune diseases. EAE has complex neuropharmacological characteristics, and many currently used or soon to be used MS therapeutic drugs have been developed, tested, or validated based on EAE research.

At present, three types of myelin proteins (or protein peptides) are mainly used in the study of inducing EAE models: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin basic protein (MBP), and myelin protein lipid protein (PLP):

1. MBP is the earliest myelin antigen used for EAE research, often used to induce acute EAE (Acute EAE) models.

2. MOG is a commonly used myelin antigen to establish EAE models, which is often used to induce chronic EAE (Chronic EAE) models.

3. PLP is also a commonly used myelin antigen to establish EAE models, which exhibit the characteristics of remission and recurrence. It is often used to establish a relapse-remitting EAE (RR-EAE) model.

About MOG(35-55) Peptide

MOG, full English name Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Chinese name myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, is a trace component of myelin and belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is also a self antigen specifically expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) that induces primary demyelinating features in multiple sclerosis.

MOG (35-55) is an immunodominant epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, capable of inducing strong T and B cell stress responses, highly pro-inflammatory, and capable of inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models in rodents.

EAE is the most common animal model of MS, with many clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of MS. A single injection of MOG (35-55) can produce a relapse-release type of neurological disease, exhibiting a large number of plaque like demyelinating disorders. A dopamine neuron injury model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), in which immunization with MOG (35-55) can inhibit the spontaneous regeneration function of the neuron.

MOG Peptide (35-55) from Omizzur Lab

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