The Peptides

Peptide refers to a compound formed by connecting multiple alpha amino acids together through peptide bonds, and is also an intermediate product of protein hydrolysis.

The compound formed by dehydration condensation of two amino acid molecules is called dipeptide, and the same applies to tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, etc; Peptides with less than 10 amino acid residues are usually referred to as oligopeptides or small molecule peptides, peptides with 10-50 amino acid residues are called peptides, and peptides with more than 50 amino acid residues are called proteins, but there is no clear boundary between peptides and proteins.

Peptides are synthesized in peptide laboratories, with most peptide products used for scientific research and some for human use (certified by FDA). Omizzur Peptide is one of the peptide bulk wholesale suppliers.

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Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).

GLP-1RA activates GLP-1 receptors by simulating natural GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion in a glucose concentration dependent manner. It can also delay gastric emptying and reduce food intake through central appetite suppression, thereby achieving the effects of lowering blood sugar and weight loss.

Semaglutide has become one of the best-selling hypoglycemic drugs worldwide. It not only has significant hypoglycemic effects and a low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone, but also has the effects of weight loss, blood pressure reduction, and improving blood lipid profile. It is precisely because of its efficacy in weight loss that it has attracted the attention of weight loss patients.

✔  Significant hypoglycemic effect

✔  Significant weight loss effect

✔  Cardiovascular benefits

Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is a GIP/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly and Company. It was approved by the US FDA for marketing in May 2022 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and in November 2023 for the treatment of obesity and overweight. Compared to semaglutide, Tirzepatide is the first dual target agonist for obesity treatment among similar marketed products. The synthesis route includes a combined strategy of solid-phase synthesis and liquid-phase synthesis, combined with continuous flow synthesis technology, which can obtain high-quality products with considerable yields.

Tirzepatide was approved by the US FDA for marketing in May 2022 to improve the blood sugar control of adults with type 2 diabetes. In November 2023, Tirzepatide obtained FDA approval for weight management in adult obese patients and overweight populations. This indication has been declared and accepted for marketing in China (peptide wholesale). In addition, Tirzepatide's indications for research also include NASH (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), heart failure, and so on.

Retatrutide

Retarutide is an active compound named Retarutide released by Lilly in June 2023. It is a developed drug for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, based on Tirzepatide, a GLP/GI dual receptor agonist, and achieves triple (GLP-1/GIP/Gcg) agonist effect by hybridizing glucagon related structures. This active compound can activate receptor agonists in our body, helping to control blood sugar and weight loss management

Reactrutide simulates the hormones produced by the intestinal wall in response to certain nutrients. These hormones act on receptors in the brain, helping to slow down the speed of food passing through the digestive tract and reduce appetite. Both of these effects can reduce people's craving for food, thereby aiding in weight loss.

Under the highest dose of retatrutide, participants lost an average of 24.2% weight during the 11 month treatment period, while currently approved drugs can achieve a weight loss of 15-20% within a similar period of time. More importantly, obese patients who received high-dose ritrutide treatment lost more than 5% of their weight.

Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptides

Peptide solid-phase synthesis is the process of dehydration condensation between amino acids from the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) to the N-terminus (amino terminus), forming peptide bonds to form peptide chains. Its biggest feature is that there is no need to purify intermediate products, and the synthesis process can be carried out continuously, laying the foundation for the automation of peptide synthesis. Currently, fully automated peptide synthesis is mostly solid-phase synthesis.

Solid phase synthesis methods mainly use Fmoc and Boc, which have the characteristics of convenient, rapid, and easy automation in synthesis, and can relatively easily synthesize peptides of about 30 amino acids. Compared to the Boc method, the Fmoc method has milder reaction conditions and can be synthesized under general experimental conditions, making it widely used.

Purity and Content of Peptides

The purity of peptides usually refers to the percentage of target peptides in the sample at a wavelength of 220nm, which is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The content of peptides refers to the mass percentage of peptides in it. As peptide freeze-dried powder not only contains peptides, but also includes some non peptide components such as water, solvents, salts, etc. Therefore, even if the purity of a polypeptide reaches 99%, its content may only be 70-80%. The net content depends on purity, sequence, and synthesis and purification methods, usually determined by amino acid composition analysis or ultraviolet spectroscopy.

Do not confuse the net content of peptides with the purity of peptides, as they are two completely different concepts.

Storage of Peptides

Peptides are stored in freeze-dried powder form at -20 ° C, with a better effect at -80 ° C, which can minimize peptide degradation. This storage method can preserve peptides for several years, avoiding bacterial degradation and oxidation, as well as preventing the formation of secondary structures. Relatively speaking, peptides containing amino acids such as Cys, Met, Trp, Asn, and Gln have a shorter shelf life.

Peptide samples must be equilibrated to room temperature before opening the packaging, as peptides have hygroscopicity. Peptides that have not been equilibrated to room temperature are prone to coagulation after opening the lid, which can reduce their stability; After weighing is completed, the remaining samples should be sealed and stored at low temperature as soon as possible.

Peptides are much more unstable in liquid form than in freeze-dried form. The solution should be at neutral pH (pH 5-7) and stored at -20 ℃. It should not be repeatedly frozen or thawed, and it is best to store them in small samples.

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