Omizzur Peptides Catalog

Here is the most comprehensive introduction about peptide hormones:

Pharmaceutical peptides can be divided into three categories: radioimmunoassay, diagnosis and drug treatment. The field of peptide hormone is very extensive. This paper reviews the following aspects from the perspective of medicine.

Peptide hormone synthesis related to reproduction

Human reproduction is a complex process, which requires coordination and mutual restriction of various links. The central link is the gonad, that is, male testicle and female ovary. Their functions are to produce sperm or egg and generate sex hormones.The whole process is controlled by a series of biochemical substances secreted from organs or tissues higher than gonads, such as the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and brain.

LRH is secreted by the hypothalamus. It is a decapeptide without free amino and carboxyl groups. It is active when it is less than 1 ug.Sequences is P-Glu-His-Try-Ser-Tyr-Glu-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2.It is mainly used in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction, hypothalamic infertility and secondary amenorrhea.At present, hundreds of LRH analogues have been synthesized, and some of them have biological potency tens or even hundreds of times higher than those of natural products

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone with nine amino acids secreted by the posterior pituitary,sequence is Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2.Its main function is to cause uterine contraction and lactation, clinically used as an induced labor drug,Some new oxytocin analogues were found by changing the disulfide bond in the sequence, which was higher than that of natural products.

Endogenous morphine peptide drugs

Morphine is an excellent analgesic with a long history and still plays an important role in clinical practice. However, its use is limited due to its addiction.Over the decades, thousands of analogues have been synthesized to seek better alternatives, a goal that has only been partially successful.

In1975,Hughes first isolated a peptide with morphine like activity from pig brain, which proved that it was two pentapeptides:Met-enkephalin and enkephalin.Since the discovery of endogenous morphine, the hope of synthesis of oral analgesics without narcotic effect and addiction has been aroused.Enkephalin is very unstable and can be quickly decomposed by enzymes. Endorphins with longer peptide chains are more stable, and this is the only endorphin that is also effective intravenously. But these endorphins, like morphine, also develop drug resistance and addiction.

There are two aspects in the current research. One is to synthesize the analgesic effect without the side effects of morphine adverse reactions. On the other hand, it is to find long-acting drugs for systemic administration.

Blood pressure related peptide drug

There are two kinds of peptides that affect blood pressure changes. One is that they can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This kind of peptide hormone includes VIP(vasogenic intestinal peptide) and braclykinin.

Vasoenteric peptide, a 28 peptide originally found in the small intestine, has the main functions of inhibiting gastric acid secretion, vasodilation, increasing cardiac output and contractility, and has effects on the relaxation of trachea, stomach, gallbladder and muscle.Braclykinin is a kind of nine peptide, which can increase the permeability of capillaries, dilate the vessels of most arterial and vascular systems, increase blood flow, reduce blood pressure, increase heart rate and the strength of myocardial contraction.

The half-life of bracrykinin in blood is very short.In dog and cat blood, its half-life is about 17 seconds. In human body, its hydrolysis inactivation is realized by hydrolase in plasma.

The second blood pressure related peptide is to make blood vessels constrict, increase blood pressure peptides, such as vasopressin and angiotensin. The former is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary. Vasopressin has two different structures, arginine vasopressin and lysine vasopressin, the difference is in the eighth amino acid.

Vasopressin is used to treat diabetes insipidus and countershock,Among the peptide drugs that affect blood pressure changes, the most noticeable one is the peptide of renin angiotensin system. The drugs that affect the system is a new direction of antihypertensive drug research this year.

References:

1.J.C. Hutton, Peptide Hormone Secretion: A Practical Approach, Hull University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-19-963068-2.

2.Brazeau P,Vale W,Burgus R,et al.Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the seceretion of immunoreactive pituitary gtowth hormone peptide.Science,1973,179(4068):77

3.Edwards WB,Fields CG,Anderson CJ,et al.Generally applicable,convenient solid-phase synthesis and receptor affinities of octreotide analogs.J Med Chem,1994,37(22):3749 For peptide hormone knowledge from Wiki :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_hormone