Most of the current autoimmune disease treatment drugs are non-specific immunosuppressants by interfering with innate and acquired immune responses, and have strong toxic and side effects. Therefore, targeting specific molecular pathways and cells, specifically regulating the immune system, and rebuilding the body's immune tolerance mechanism is a new trend in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Although the use of specific antigens to induce immune tolerance in the treatment of autoimmune diseases can highly selectively inhibit the lymphocyte clones of specific antigens without affecting the normal immune function of the body, it overcomes the toxic and side effects of traditional chemical drugs, and in some diseases success in animal models. However, complete antigen or protein immunity may cross-link IgE, thereby activating hypertrophy in allergic individuals cells and basophils, causing severe allergic reactions; or activating pathogenic B and T cells in patients with autoimmune diseases, aggravating the disease. Therefore, identification of epitope peptides with therapeutic effects (only a small fragment of the full-length antigen), which can not only play a role in immunotherapy but also reduce adverse reactions, will be a new and promising therapeutic strategy. It has become a hot spot in the research on the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Synthetic peptides can interfere with a variety of autoimmune responses and have attracted more and more attention and become potential drug candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The introduction of pseudo-peptide bonds or reverse modification of the amino-terminus and carboxyl-terminus into the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide can increase the stability of the polypeptide drug and improve its biological activity; polypeptide therapy can avoid the allergic reaction caused by the immunogenicity of the full-length protein, with good safety. , has broad application prospects in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to further study its mechanism of action and its toxic and side effects in the treatment process, improve the safety and therapeutic effect of polypeptide drugs for autoimmune diseases, and provide new opportunities for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs for autoimmune diseases. target of action.