According to the 8th edition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Map, the number of diabetic patients in China in 2017 was 114 million, and it is expected that by 2045, the number of diabetic patients will reach 119.8 million. Among the 114 million diabetic patients, the diagnosis rate is only 38.7%. The proportion of patients with disease was 25.8%, and only 12.9% had their disease under control.

Lifestyle is the foundation of diabetes treatment, and drug treatment is the most effective weapon. Traditional hypoglycemic drugs play a huge role in the treatment of diabetic patients, but they also face great challenges such as hypoglycemia risk and weight gain. Clinically, there is an urgent need to develop a hypoglycemic drug that can effectively lower blood sugar without producing adverse reactions and has good safety. McIntyre et al found that oral glucose intake stimulated more insulin secretion than intravenous glucose, and termed this effect the "incretin effect".

Further research confirmed that this "incretin effect" produces more than 50% of the total insulin after eating. Nauck et al found that this incretin effect was diminished in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes may be related to the diminished incretin effect. Incretin-like peptides are gut-derived hormones, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulin-stimulating polypeptide (GIP), etc. GLP-1 is a peptide chain secreted by intestinal L cells and consists of 31 amino acids. It can promote insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and at the same time inhibit the secretion of glucagon, and has a strong hypoglycemic effect with good safety. Among them, liraglutide is as high as 97% homology with natural GLP-1.

Studies have shown that liraglutide exerts its hypoglycemic effect through multiple mechanisms such as promoting insulin secretion, reducing glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose output, enhancing peripheral tissue glucose uptake, suppressing appetite, and delaying gastric emptying. Liraglutide not only can effectively control blood sugar, but also can significantly reduce the patient's body weight and the risk of hypoglycemia. At the same time, the Marso study also confirmed that liraglutide has clear cardiovascular benefits. The multiple physiological effects of liraglutide have also brought new changes to the diabetes treatment model