Background Information

Peptide antigens often lack significant immunogenicity because they are too small. Therefore, in animal immune experiments, it is necessary to couple antigenic peptides to some carrier proteins carrying antigenic epitopes to improve the immune effect.

However, it should be noted that after the peptide-carrier protein conjugate as a whole stimulates an immune response, some of the antibodies generated are directed against the peptide, some against the linker, and some against the carrier protein. Common coupling carriers include proteins KLH, BSA and OVA.

KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) is a copper-containing, non-heme blue respiratory pigment found in molluscs or arthropods. Its molecular weight between 450 kDa to 1300 kDa. KLH is more immunogenic than BSA and is the most commonly used carrier protein. KLH conjugation can be used in peptide synthesis.

In many cases of immunization, KLH is the immunogen of choice. When we consider the cost, BSA or OVA is usually chosen. BSA has a high degree of non-specific binding and is ideal for capturing antigens in immunoassays. OVA has been used as an immunogen and capture antigen.

Introduction to peptide coupling:

First of all, the stability of the carrier protein/peptide must be taken care of at the same time, without destroying any original chemical structure, and the reaction conditions must be mild. The later stages are basically biological experiments or animal experiments, and the less organic solvents present, the better. 

Since the main participants are biological products such as proteins and peptides, and the pathway used is also a biological pathway, the reaction must be carried out in a mild biological system (PBS, CBS, etc.).

Considering the complex chemical environment of peptides, multiple groups, and multiple side chains, the methods of conventional protein coupling are relatively limited. Various complex side reactions must be avoided as little as possible, and the reaction conditions need to be mild. There are three commonly used carrier proteins: KLH, BSA, and OVA. There are also HAS, etc.

The reason why the above proteins were selected is that it has been verified that the sequence contains a high proportion of lysine and is highly hydrophilic, and even has high solubility and reactivity in certain organic solvents. There are 3 commonly used groups: Cys-SH group, main chain -NH2, main chain -COOH.

KLH conjugation for peptide synthesis:

About custom synthesis of peptides:

1. Desalting and salt conversion: According to customer requirements, we can desalt the peptides or convert them into acetate.

2. Delivery time: within 30 amino acids, usually 2-3 weeks.

3. Quality control: Each peptide is provided with HPLC, MS and COA files for free.

4. After-sales service: Objections can be raised within 1-2 weeks, and we will retest for free. If the product is not qualified, it will be returned free of charge. If it is unqualified within 1-3 months, we can provide free retesting, and the samples will be stored for 3 months for free.

Custom high purity peptides is safe here:

When you choose our peptide synthesis service, you will receive the following professional and considerate services:

High-quality peptides: All purified peptide products will be sent to customers with complete QC data, including HPLC, MS, COA and other test reports. Our strict quality control standards ensure that peptides can meet our customer requirements.

We provide 100% peptide quality assurance. If it is confirmed that the synthesized peptide has any quality problems, we will re-synthesize it for free or refund your money.

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